18 ^kFor the ^lwrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and ^munrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. 19 For ⁿwhat can be known about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, ^ohave been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world,¹ in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but ^pthey became futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 Claiming to be wise, ^qthey became fools, 23 and ^rexchanged the glory of the immortal God for images ^sresembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.

24 Therefore ^tGod gave them up in the ^ulusts of their hearts to impurity, to the dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, 25 because they exchanged the truth about God for a ^vlie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, who is blessed forever! Amen.

26 For this reason God gave them up to dishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; 27 and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, ^wmen committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due ^xpenalty for their error.

28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, God gave them up to a debased mind to do what ought not to be done. 29 They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, ^yhaughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless. 32 Though they know God’s ^zrighteous decree that those who practice such things ^adeserve to die, they not only do them but give approval to those who practice them.

1 ^bTherefore you have ^cno excuse, O man, every one of you who judges. For ^din passing judgment on another you condemn yourself, because you, the judge, practice the very same things. 2 We know that the ^ejudgment of God rightly falls on ^fthose who practice such things. 3 Do you suppose, O man—you who judge those who practice such things and yet do them yourself—that you will escape the judgment of God? 4 Or do you presume on the riches of his kindness and ^gforbearance and ^hpatience, not knowing that God’s kindness is meant to lead you to repentance? 5 But because of your hard and impenitent heart you are storing up ⁱwrath for yourself on the ^jday of wrath when God’s ^krighteous judgment will be revealed.

6 He will render to each one ^laccording to his works: 7 to those who by ^mpatience ⁿin well-doing ^oseek for glory and honor and immortality, he will give eternal life; 8 but for those who are self-seeking² and ^pdo not obey the truth, but obey unrighteousness, there will be wrath and fury. 9 There will be tribulation and distress for every human being who does evil, ^qthe Jew first and also the Greek, 10 but glory and honor and peace for everyone who does good, the Jew first and also the Greek. 11 For God ^rshows no partiality.

12 For all who have sinned ^swithout the law will also perish without the law, and all who have sinned ^tunder the law will be judged by the law. 13 For it is ^unot the hearers of the law who are righteous before God, but the doers of the law who will be justified. 14 For when Gentiles, who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires, they are a law to themselves, even though they do not have the law. 15 They show that the work of the law is written on their hearts, while their conscience also bears witness, and their conflicting thoughts accuse ^vor even excuse them 16 on that ^wday when, according to my gospel, ^xGod judges the secrets of men ^yby Christ Jesus.

17 But if you call yourself a Jew and ^zrely ^aon the law and boast in God 18 and ^bknow his will and ^capprove what is excellent, because you are instructed from the law; 19 and if you are sure that you yourself are a ^dguide to the blind, a light to those who are in darkness, 20 an instructor of the foolish, a teacher of children, having in the law the embodiment of knowledge and truth— 21 ^eyou then who teach others, do you not teach yourself? While you preach against stealing, do you steal? 22 You who say that one must not commit adultery, ^fdo you commit adultery? You who abhor idols, do you rob temples? 23 You who ^gboast in the law dishonor God by ^hbreaking the law. 24 For, as it is written, ⁱ“The name of God is blasphemed ^jamong the Gentiles because of you.”

25 ^kFor ^lcircumcision indeed is of value if you obey the law, but if you break the law, your circumcision becomes uncircumcision. 26 ^mSo, if a man who is uncircumcised keeps the precepts of the law, will not his uncircumcision be regarded³ as circumcision? 27 Then he who is physically⁴ uncircumcised but keeps the law will ⁿcondemn you who have the ^owritten code⁵ and circumcision but break the law. 28 For ^pno one is a Jew who is merely one outwardly, nor is circumcision outward and physical. 29 But a Jew is one inwardly, and ^qcircumcision is a matter of the heart, ^rby the Spirit, not by the letter. ^sHis praise is not from man but from God.

1 Then what advantage has the Jew? Or what is the value of circumcision? 2 Much in every way. To begin with, ^tthe Jews were entrusted with the ^uoracles of God. 3 ^vWhat if some were unfaithful? ^wDoes their faithlessness nullify the faithfulness of God? 4 By no means! Let God be true though every one were a liar, as it is written,

5 But if our unrighteousness serves to show the righteousness of God, ^ywhat shall we say? That God is unrighteous to inflict wrath on us? (I speak in a human way.) 6 By no means! For then how could ^zGod judge the world? 7 But if through my lie God’s truth abounds to his glory, why am I still being condemned as a sinner? 8 And ^awhy not do evil that good may come?—as some people slanderously charge us with saying. Their condemnation is just.

9 What then? Are we Jews⁶ any better off?⁷ No, not at all. For we have already charged that ^ball, both ^cJews and ^dGreeks, are under sin, 10 as it is written:

19 Now we know that whatever the law says it speaks to those who are ^kunder the law, so that every mouth may be stopped, and the whole world may be held accountable to God. 20 For ^lby works of the law no human being⁸ will be justified in his sight, since ^mthrough the law comes knowledge of sin.