18 For ^kthe wrath of God ^lis revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who by their unrighteousness suppress the truth. 19 For what can be ^mknown about God is plain to them, because God has shown it to them. 20 For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, ⁿhave been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world,¹ in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse. 21 For although they knew God, they did not honor him as God or give thanks to him, but they ^obecame futile in their thinking, and their foolish hearts were darkened. 22 ^pClaiming to be wise, they became fools, 23 and ^qexchanged the glory of ^rthe immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.

24 Therefore ^sGod gave them up in the lusts of their hearts to impurity, to ^tthe dishonoring of their bodies among themselves, 25 because they exchanged the truth about God for ^ua lie and worshiped and served the creature rather than the Creator, ^vwho is blessed forever! Amen.

26 For this reason ^wGod gave them up to ^xdishonorable passions. For their women exchanged natural relations for those that are contrary to nature; 27 and the men likewise gave up natural relations with women and were consumed with passion for one another, ^ymen committing shameless acts with men and receiving in themselves the due penalty for their error.

28 And since they did not see fit to acknowledge God, ^zGod gave them up to ^aa debased mind to do ^bwhat ought not to be done. 29 They were filled with all manner of unrighteousness, evil, covetousness, malice. They are full of envy, murder, strife, deceit, maliciousness. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, haughty, boastful, inventors of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 foolish, faithless, heartless, ruthless. 32 Though they know ^cGod’s righteous decree that those who practice such things ^ddeserve to die, they not only do them but ^egive approval to those who practice them.

12 Therefore, just as ^tsin came into the world through one man, and ^udeath through sin, and ^vso death spread to all men¹ because ^wall sinned— 13 for sin indeed was in the world before the law was given, but ^xsin is not counted where there is no law. 14 Yet death reigned from Adam to Moses, even over those whose sinning was not ^ylike the transgression of Adam, ^zwho was a type of ^athe one who was to come.

15 But the free gift is not like the trespass. For if many died through one man’s trespass, much more have the grace of God and the free gift by the grace of that one man Jesus Christ abounded for ^bmany. 16 And the free gift is not like the result of that one man’s sin. For ^cthe judgment following one trespass brought condemnation, but the free gift following many trespasses brought ^djustification. 17 For if, because of one man’s trespass, death reigned through that one man, much more will those who receive the abundance of grace and the free gift of righteousness ^ereign in life through the one man Jesus Christ.

18 Therefore, as one trespass² led to condemnation for all men, so one act of righteousness³ leads to justification and life for ^fall men. 19 For as by the one man’s ^gdisobedience the many were made sinners, so by the one man’s ^hobedience the many will be made righteous. 20 Now ⁱthe law came in to increase the trespass, but where sin increased, ^jgrace abounded all the more, 21 so that, ^kas sin reigned in death, ^lgrace also might reign through righteousness leading to eternal life through Jesus Christ our Lord.