28 As regards the gospel, they are enemies for your sake. But as regards election, they are ^dbeloved for the sake of their forefathers. 29 For the ^egifts and the ^fcalling of God are irrevocable. 30 For just as you were at one time disobedient to God but now have received mercy because of their disobedience, 31 so they too have now been disobedient in order that by the mercy shown to you they also may now¹ receive mercy. 32 For God has consigned ^gall to disobedience, that he may have mercy on all.